- Geographic Origin: Europe
- Lineage: Hippocrates, Celsus and Galen -> Renaissance physicians
such as Mercurialis (Italy), Pare (France) and Bright (England) -> French medico-chirurgical gymnastics + German gymnastics -> Per Henrik Ling (Sweden) -> Johan Georg Mezger (Netherlands) - Technique Depth: Incremental (Medium)
- Body Support: massage table
- Therapist's Primary Tool: hands
- Required Equipment: none
- Lubrication: oil, lotion or creme
- Access to Skin: client is unclothed under sheet or towel drape

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